{Photograph} by Nathaniel St. Clair
Violence in the USA surpasses the unthinkable and more and more resides within the area of apocalyptic rage, manufactured ignorance, and the normalization of a pervasive tradition of ritualized barbarism. As civic tradition collapses and reality succumbs to conspiracy theories, censorship, and the white washing of historical past, politics is emptied of democratic values, shared duties, and a viable ethical compass. Lawlessness is fueled by a diminishing lack of accountability within the political realm resulting in an upsurge in racism, home terrorism, mass shootings and growing threats of violence. Acts of violence erupt in even probably the most protected and safe areas extending from colleges to supermarkets, engulfing each aspect of American life. We now reside in a time marked by a politics of displacement, disappearance, erasure, patriotic frenzy, and political repression. Human struggling has been became a spectacle of racist aggression.
Violence, as soon as hidden or proclaimed to be on the perimeter of American society, is now on the heart of energy and on a regular basis life and has turn out to be normalized. Violent threats are actually repeatedly lodged in opposition to election officers, public well being staff, academics, librarians, in addition to virtually any politician who refuses to just accept the lie that the presidential election was stolen. The threats of violence by a political motion of white supremist and election denying extremists has reached an all time excessive as has its insane accusations, threats, and hate mongering. For instance, influential pedlars of hate, notably QAnon members, now declare that the Democratic Celebration is full of blood sucking satanists who abduct and sexualize younger kids. The fallout from these sort of threats is just too intensive to doc right here one instance, as reported by The Day by day Beast, captures the vicious lies mainstreamed by such teams and the way they incentivize violence amongst their followers:
On August 11, Libs of TikTok falsely claimed Boston’s Youngsters’s Hospital was performing hysterectomies on kids. On August 15, Matt Walsh falsely mentioned the hospital was placing “each toddler…on a path to sterilization and butchery earlier than they’ll even speak.” Unsurprisingly, the hospital has since confronted a deluge of threats, hate mail, and harassment ever since.[1]
The specter of violence not solely capabilities as political efficiency within the pursuits of political opportunism and the stoking mass violence, it is also utilized by MAGA Republicans to overcome main important establishments of society that reach from public colleges and libraries to the courts. Darkish cash now drives such extremism and the repressive legal guidelines geared toward girls’s reproductive rights, the banning of books, the weakening of voting rights, and assaults on the rights of trans-gender individuals, amongst different assaults. Many of those assaults are pushed by the trendy Republican Celebration’s central worry of dwelling with distinction.[2]
Throughout the globe, violence is being marketed to additional white supremacy, racial purity, and the notion that some teams don’t deserve citizenship and as “non-citizens [are] subsequently not human.”[3] Politicians comparable to Orbán in Hungary speak overtly concerning the risks of “race mixing” in Europe echoing the discourse of white supremacy that now dominates the trendy Republican Celebration. Nationwide reminiscence is now corrupted within the title of fascist politics. As G. M. Tamas observes this narrowing of citizenship “is a type of civic demise, typically adopted by “violent demise.”[4] As civic tradition is undermined, it turns into simpler for the GOP to market violence at a time when far proper extremists teams such because the Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, and QAnon are “quickly mutating,” notably in the USA.[5] The specter of violence has turn out to be a regular GOP response to virtually any situation. Such violence is aimed more and more at girls combating for reproductive rights, trans gender youth, those that help gun restrictions, and educators and librarians who oppose banning books.
Proper wing language reduces politics to theater and spectacle, whereas utilizing a neo-fascist echo chamber to unfold a fascist logic of neoliberal cruelty, a racist politics of disposability, and a celebration of white, male Christian nationalism and supremacy. Echoes of an earlier fascist previous mix the language of cruelty and dehumanization with insurance policies designed to eradicate, repress, and kill these thought-about marginal—that’s, these thought-about a contaminating and contemptable drive within the script of hardcore fundamentalisms. Cruelty has now turn out to be ingrained within the DNA of the Republican Celebration, and far of it’s geared toward kids.
Proper-wing politicians assault poor youth by sinking a toddler tax credit score, plunging hundreds of thousands of children into poverty. The battle on youth continues in different methods. Regardless of the truth that firearm associated accidents are the main reason for demise amongst youth, Republicans name for the elimination of even probably the most sanguine of gun restrictions.[6] Republicans too typically depict Black youth as a part of a legal tradition and help sentencing kids to life with out parole—a place bolstered by a reactionary Supreme Courtroom. It ought to be famous that the U.S. incarcerates extra of its youth than another nation on the earth. Republicans don’t merely fail kids they wage a battle on them. Idaho and different state Republicans have moved to make gender affirming look after transgender kids against the law, even for the mother and father of such kids.[7]
Republican governors in Texas, Florida, and Arizona inflict immeasurable ache on defenceless migrants by typically mendacity to them and bussing them, typically illegally, to different states. In purple states, politicians have enacted draconian antiabortion insurance policies and are searching for to outlaw entry to well being providers in states that haven’t banned girls’s reproductive rights. A lot of Republicans have voted in opposition to a federal catastrophe reduction package deal that’s essential to aiding individuals caught within the path of ecological disasters, besides when such disasters hit their very own states.
Former President Trump now offers cowl for home terrorists such because the Proud Boys and radical conspiracy teams comparable to QAnon. Governor Abbott of Texas rejects Biden’s pardon of untold numbers of individuals convicted of easy marijuana expenses, condemning hundreds of individuals in his states’ prisons to the additional injustices of a race-based malignant coverage of incarceration. Liberal and mainstream language with its embrace of Biden’s notion of “semi-fascism” each obliterates the lengthy historical past of fascist politics, genocide, and mass violence in the USA in addition to the full-fledged fascist politics now driving the present nightmarish second each within the U.S. and globally. And these examples barely contact the cruelties inflicted on these People thought-about unfit to say the mantle of human dignity and common political, financial and social rights.
Fascism just isn’t a marginal drive; it’s a mass political motion that now occupies the facilities of energy and employs the willingness and complicity of hundreds of thousands who indulge its cultish and racist fantasies such because the sinister perception that Jews are bringing in hundreds of thousands of migrants to displace and disempower whites.[8] When Donald Trump as soon as claimed the U.S. ought to have extra individuals immigrating from Norway, he was mainstreaming the fascist discourse of racial purity that traditionally led to the demise of hundreds of thousands not thought-about racially pure sufficient to be part of earlier fascist societies. As Ruth Ben-Ghiat has argued white alternative idea has an extended fascist pedigree that has surfaced as soon as once more with out apology as was evident when neo-Nazis shouted “Jews won’t change us” whereas marching in 2017 in Charlottesville, Virginia on the notoriously violent “unite the correct rally.[9] It has additionally turn out to be a central theme at right-wing rallies and within the far-right ecosystem. Writing for the International Coverage Analysis Institute, Colin P. Clarke and Tim Wilson observe that far proper celebrities comparable to Tucker Carlson now play a distinguished position in mainstreaming white supremacy by way of their relentless endorsement of the Nice Substitute idea. They write:
Tucker Carlson’s present on Fox Information, which attracts roughly 4.5 million viewers every night time, has talked about components of the Nice Substitute idea in additional than 400 episodes. The Nice Substitute idea means that “international elites” are changing white Christians (“legacy People”) with immigrants. To forestall this phenomenon from enjoying out, far-right extremists name for using political violence.[10]
Substitute idea just isn’t solely unfold by pundits comparable to Tucker Carlson, it has additionally been promoted by fringe Republican politicians comparable to Marjorie Taylor Greene and Paul Gosar. Furthermore, it has additionally been endorsed and unfold by Rep. Elise Stefanik, the third highest rating chief within the GOP. As reported in The Day by day Beast, she not solely promoted advertisements on Fb endorsing white alternative idea, however she did so understanding that “it radicalized Robert Bowers, the terrorist who killed 11 individuals on the Tree of Life Synagogue as a result of he wished to punish Jews for serving to the “invaders” [and] “radicalized Brenton Tarrant, the Christchurch terrorist who killed greater than 50 Muslims, and who served because the direct inspiration for the Buffalo terrorist?”[11]
The language of violence and white supremacy does extra that invoke insidious meanings and racist stereotypes, it additionally incites threats that result in violence, mass shootings, and untold deaths. The language of hate and bigotry embodies death-dealing threats that current monumental trigger for alarm in society through which fascism is turning into an habitualized a part of the tradition. Such threats are actually endemic to a Republican Celebration that hates equality, distinction, and democracy itself. The language of violence, cruelty, and disposability are the political forex of a Nazi previous and have emerged in what could be referred to as the present Nazification of the current.
With Republican Celebration fascism on the rise, the right-wing social media floods American society with the discourse and pictures of hate, white nationalism, nativism, and the disavowal of citizenship as a common proper.[12] Christian nationalism, with spokespersons comparable to retired lieutenant normal and former nationwide safety adviser Michael Flynn, is devoted to constructing a motion through which Christianity defines the governing rules of American life and establishments, all of the whereas destroying the social bonds that present which means, dignity, and safety to People. As an example, Flynn argues that the USA is within the midst of a non secular campaign. He willingly attends and speaks at right-wing conferences full of infinite speeches concerning the “Nice Awakening” and reminders that Christians are in a “religious battle [which] you may’t win with out attacking.”[13] Like many GOP evangelicals Flynn “sees conspiracies in nearly each nook of American life. In keeping with Michelle R. Smith reporting for Frontline, his pondering fuels violence and is rooted a mixture of lies and falsehoods. She writes:
He’s repeated falsehoods about Black Lives Matter and mentioned that so-called globalists created COVID-19. He tells the tens of hundreds of people that have paid to see him converse that there are 75 members of the Socialist Celebration in Congress and has mentioned the left and Democrats try to destroy the nation. He asserts, above all else, that the USA was based on Judeo-Christian values. The bedrock, he warns, is crumbling…. He says elementary colleges are educating “filth” and “pornography.” He continues to claim, ignoring all proof on the contrary, that elections can’t be trusted. He says, time and again, that a few of his fellow People are “evil.”[14]
As soon as once more, main GOP politicians now use the language of violence to condone egregious acts of lawlessness, a attribute endemic to the fascist playbook. Sen. Lindsay Graham on Fox Information said that “If there’s a prosecution of Donald Trump for mishandling categorized info…there might be riots within the streets.” It’s exhausting to not interpret Graham’s remarks as each a retaliatory menace of violence within the service of political opportunism and the veiled declare that Trump is above the legislation. This local weather of menace was bolstered following Graham’s menace by former President Donald Trump who in a radio interview warned that if he have been charged for mishandling categorized paperwork there can be massive “issues on this nation the likes of which maybe we’ve by no means seen earlier than,” including “I don’t suppose individuals of the U.s.a. would stand for it.” Robert Reich, a former Secretary of Labor within the Clinton administration, famous that “Trump’s rhetoric is harmful. Now we have already seen the implications of what occurs when Trump invitations a mob to the streets.”[15] Quickly afterwards, Trump went so far as to make use of the language of violence in opposition to Senate majority chief, Mitch McConnell, who in opposition to Trump’s needs, voted favorably for a invoice to fund the federal authorities by way of mid-December. Mixed with a racist reference to McConnell’s spouse, Trump said McConnell will need to have voted for the laws “as a result of he has a DEATH WISH.”[16] No subtlety right here.
On this age of rising fascism, language has turn out to be a central a part of the microphysics of repression and on a regular basis life. It is a language that celebrates white nationalism together with a regenerating cult of rage and aggression as a legit device of political energy. On this new period of violence, it’s essential to understand not solely the political, institutional, and cultural circumstances at work in turning politics right into a type of civil battle, but in addition to establish the websites, insurance policies, and regimes of energy that exploit the fears, anxieties, loneliness, and rage which were produced by a society that has turn out to be synonymous with a tradition of cruelty, greed, and aggression, and unbridled racism.
Additionally it is essential to handle the rhetorical silences about the specter of fascism within the US. For instance, the mainstream press makes use of coded language to divert from public view each the disaster of capitalism and its morphing right into a type of neoliberal fascism. It offers with the authoritarian politics of abduction and disposability suffered by migrants by specializing in the non-public narratives of its victims. It focuses on the lies of the GOP whereas saying nothing concerning what Chris Hedges calls the false declare that America is a functioning democracy.[17] It calls insurrectionists comparable to quite a lot of the Republican nominees for workplace in November election deniers reasonably than harmful fascists. It condemns Trump’s declare to pardon criminals and thugs who attacked the Capitol whereas treating it as an remoted occasion that disappears from the information inside 24 hours. Trump’s mishandling of presidency paperwork is handled as a private act of lawlessness reasonably than being symptomatic of how lawlessness is endemic to fascist regimes, whether or not in Nazi Germany, Pinochet’s Chile, or Orbán’s Hungary.
When the neo-fascist Giorgia Meloni was elected as prime minister of Italy, the mainstream press, in addition to Hilary Clinton, “centered solely on her being Italy’s first girl prime minister.”[18] What is commonly forgotten on this depoliticized homage to gender is that girls have performed a distinguished position the “pursuit of fascist objectives.”[19] George Pendle, writing in Air Mail, wrote that Italy’s Meloni “is probably the most spectacular instance of a latest pattern in European politics through which charismatic girls have taken the reins of far-right political events and led them to growing legitimacy. Simply have a look at Marine Le Pen in France, Alice Weidel in Germany, Pia Kjaersgaard in Denmark or Siv Jensen in Norway.”[20]
The disaster of language in the USA is symptomatic of the demise of 1 order, liberal democracy, and the emergence of one other, which I name neoliberal fascism.[21] The GOP with its mixture of neo-Nazis, conspiracy theorists, spiritual fanatics, politically corrupt grifters and politicians, January 6th insurrectionists, and right-wing extremists should not merely attempting to take away Joe Biden from workplace, ban books, flip public and better training into right-wing propaganda machines, eradicate girls’s reproductive rights, and outline historic, cultural and nationwide reminiscence by way of the lens white alternative idea and a nostalgic eager for the age of Jim Crow. They’re ushering in an up to date type of fascism that threatens international existence, not merely the final vestiges of democracy. They’re engaged in a undertaking that ought to be rightfully outlined as a counter-revolutionary fascist takeover grounded within the demise dealing logics of white supremacy, mass violence, and a politics of disposability, particularly when it refers to migrants and trans individuals.[22]
If People need an actual debate about violence in the USA and globally, it’s essential to grasp it as half of a bigger neoliberal international order that enacts the abandonment of public items, declares welfare as a reckless handout and sinful, views class and racial solidarity as harmful, and replaces the thought of equality, justice, and freedom with notions of white nationalism, patriotic correctness, and racial cleaning.[23] As well as, any critical discourse about violence has to handle the expansion of the military-industrial-academic advanced, the militarization of on a regular basis life, the militarizing of the police and its tradition of racism, and the rise of the nationwide safety surveillance state. People want a vocabulary and language through which human beings should not thought-about expendable; income should not considered as extra essential than human wants; and systemic inequality just isn’t considered as extra essential than social justice, freedom, and a viable notion of particular person company and collective self-determination. People wants a vocabulary, as Robin D. G. Kelly repeatedly reminds us, that rejects liberalism’s protection of capitalism, the precedence of the market, and a weak and deracinated notion of the general public, social, and customary good.
Liberals worry fascism however they worry the tip of capitalism much more regardless of the truth that neoliberal capitalism’s endpoint in a time of disaster embraces the elemental rudiments of fascist politics. Voting won’t cease fascism and neoliberalism just isn’t its antidote; furthermore, elections at a historic second through which cash drives politics affords a weak depoliticizing prop for avoiding the ideological and structural components of capitalism that breed huge inequality, struggling, repression, a tradition of immediacy, civic dysfunction, the logics of disposability, and ecological devastation. Neoliberalism with its war-against-all mentality mainstreams hatred for these thought-about different, topics Black and Brown individuals to systemic violence, and punishes those that imagine in long run investments designed to develop a radically democratic future.
Neoliberal capitalism doesn’t merely embrace violence, it’s basic to its the way it legitimates and reproduces itself. Capitalism just isn’t a part of the legal guidelines of nature and is the product of an ongoing effort to subvert the general public creativeness, undermine important pondering, and decouple financial exercise from social prices. Its huge right-wing propaganda machines have militarized tradition and the tutorial apparatuses of persuasion. For the trendy Republican Celebration, the battle over concepts has turn out to be an accelerated battle to depoliticize, infantilize, and destroy any vestige of a mass consciousness that has a ardour for a socialist democracy.
The exhausting fascism of the Republican Celebration now capabilities as a type of home terrorism with its embrace of a world fascist politics. The Democratic Celebration is the muted underside of fascist politics. It’s wedded to a capitalist society that breeds the inequalities, distress, struggling, uncertainties, and precarity that, as Toni Morrison as soon as mentioned, helps a militarized and racist atmosphere that enables fascism to develop whereas rejecting equality as a central precept of each human relations and democracy itself.[24] It hides its fascist impulses within the hypocritical discourse of a compassionate capitalism, an oxymoron whose final goal is to guard the monetary elite and its ideological and repressive state apparatuses. Wedded to massive cash, its name for truthful elections rings hole provided that “each rising right-wing actions, in addition to company management of elections, are linked.”[25] They’re two sides of the identical coin. This dependancy to neoliberal capitalism represents a deadly connection between the 2 political events. There’s additionally the broader context of American overseas coverage and its connection to a fascist politics. This bigger context highlights the position that the Democratic Celebration together with GOP has and proceed to play in supporting a variety of fascist international locations and their right-wing actions, all of whom are blithely outlined as allies.
The specter of violence is now utilized by right-wing politicians and extremist teams to threaten dissent and people who advocate for public well being, fundamental social provisions, democratic values and democracy itself. Language stripped of any regards for civic tradition, knowledgeable judgment, and an inclusive notion of citizenship turns into spectacularized, emotive, and bereft of motive and any sense of justice. That is about greater than a disaster of civic literacy, historic consciousness, ethical witnessing, manufactured ignorance, and a rampant anti-intellectualism. It is a language that embraces violence as a way of bonding, providing its followers the muscular attract of a spectacularized authoritarianism mediated by way of and enlivened, as soon as once more, by the false declare that white masculinity is in disaster, aggrieved, and below assault by migrants and other people of coloration. As well as, such violence is now inscribed in a language of commonsense, the place it escapes rational evaluation and is taken-for-granted.
As civic tradition is undermined, pondering itself turns into an object of scorn, and politics is emptied of any moral substance, decreased to theater, corruption, and a tsunami of lies, it’s all the extra essential to reclaim a language that embraces the social contract, widespread good, and sustainable democratic notions of group. On the very least, such a language would critically analyze the traditionally and socially constructed classes of reality, politics, and ethics. It might provide a complete notion of politics, one which illuminates the various connections that be part of establishments, energy relations, and the habits of on a regular basis life. This is able to be a politics which, because the late Susan Willis argued, would give individuals “a voice in collective choice making, not solely in authorities, however at residence, at work, at college.”[26]
This ought to be a politics that will enable for the interrogation of issues of sophistication, inequality, iniquitous energy relations, systemic racism, and a politics of commonsense. It must also provide a vocabulary for deepening the connections amongst various teams, social actions, and competing solidarities. It might make training central to politics and create the instruments that allow people to attach their non-public troubles to wider, systemic considerations. It might provide a vocabulary for changing a politics of disconnection and the individualization of the social with a politics of connection; that’s, a complete politics that embraces the totality of a system and social order. Following Stanley Aronowitz, Angela Davis, and Barbara Epstein, a viable notion of resistance wants a brand new language for rethinking idea, growing an anti-capitalist politics, and a mass motion geared toward democratizing energy. This notion of resistance would additionally embrace a discourse for relating training to social change, a idea of institutional constructions, a developed notion of public intellectuals within the age of digital media and tyranny, and a politics of critique and chance.[27]
Within the present post-Trump period, violent rhetoric has turn out to be an apocalyptic rage machine as phrases are emptied of substantive which means; motive is overtaken by lies, and the forces of irrationality; fashionable conscience collapses, overcome by doctrines of hate and the destruction of political and moral requirements. On this upgraded period of fascism and accelerated violence, new and oppressive modes of persuasion are developed within the cultural realm that reach from social media to quite a few on-line platforms. These new regimes of indoctrination and propaganda tackle an unparalleled significance within the manufacturing of data, identities, company, values and social relations. Underneath such circumstances, language not capabilities as merely a repository of which means and details, it has turned poisonous and takes on a brand new pedagogical and communicative significance in its skill to form values, social relations, and identities.
On this new period of violence, it’s essential to know not solely the political, institutional, and cultural circumstances at work in turning politics right into a type of civil battle, but in addition to establish the websites, insurance policies, and regimes of energy that exploit the fears, anxieties, loneliness, and rage which were produced by a capitalist society that has turn out to be synonymous with a tradition of cruelty, battle, aggression, and systemic brutality. Underneath neoliberalism, domination has turn out to be internalized, politics has collapsed into the non-public, significant registers of the social and public sphere have largely disappeared. On this historic interval of social atomization and loneliness, social issues are actually outlined by way of the regressive neoliberal language of extreme individualism through which all troubles are decreased to pejorative classes comparable to a scarcity of ambition, private failings, particular person deficits, laziness, and lack of resilience.
In lots of societies, violence is being elevated to an organizing precept of energy, more and more valued as a type of political forex. The circumstances for democracy are being obliterated by extremists globally who embrace repressive types of energy, lies, and white supremacy as instruments of political opportunism. America has a full-fledged fascist downside that should be addressed whether it is to suppose its solution to a unique politics and future. However America just isn’t alone. Fascist governments are rising in Sweden, Italy, Hungary, Chile, and the opposite international locations. What these international locations share is a hatred of distinction, equality, and egalitarian insurance policies and practices. Conventional political classes that always pit events in opposition to one another appear irrelevant relating to addressing the rising threats to international democracy itself. Liberal democracy is not on life-support in the USA, it’s a corpse hidden behind the language of fable, misrepresentation, and social and historic amnesia. The method of Nazification has virtually reached its endpoint and the planet hangs within the stability. Throughout the globe, the battle over politics is much less a rivalry between conventional political events and actions than a battle between an up to date model of fascism and the promise of a socialist democracy. Because the ghost of fascism washes throughout the globe, sustaining hope and the necessity for enormous collective resistance has turn out to be a revolutionary act with no different possibility.
Notes.
[1] Wajahat Ali, “It’s Time to Name MAGA a Nationwide Safety Risk,” The Day by day Beast (September 16, 2022). On-line: https://www.thedailybeast.com/its-time-to-call-maga-a-national-security-threat
[2] Amy Goodman, “Historian of Radical Proper: Biden Is Right, Trump Poses Existential Risk to Way forward for Democracy.” Democracy Now[September 9, 2022]. On-line: https://www.democracynow.org/2022/9/2/biden_speech_maga_trump_democracy
[3] G. M. Tamás, “On Submit-Fascism.” Boston Overview [June 1, 2000]. On-line: https://bostonreview.web/articles/g-m-tamas-post-fascism/
[4] Ibid.
[5] Cited in Blake Hounshell, “Warnings From Authors Who Monitor Home Extremism,” New York Occasions (September 16, 2022). https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/16/us/politics/domestic-extremism-warnings.html
[6] JE Goldstick, RM Cunningham, P Carter. “Present Causes of Demise in Youngsters and Adolescents in the USA,” New England Journal of Drugs 386 (2022), pp. 1955-1956.
[7] Dan Cassino, “Why are Republicans so centered on proscribing trans lives?,” The Washington Submit (March 21, 2022). On-line: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/21/republican-trans-sports-texas-idaho-lgbtq/
[8] See Henry A. Giroux, American Nightmare: Dealing with the Problem of Fascism (San Francisco: Metropolis Lights Books, 2018); Carl Boggs, Fascism Previous and New: American Politics on the Crossroads (New York: Routledge, 2018); (Paul Avenue, This Occurred Right here (New York: Routledge, 2021); Anthony R. DiMaggio, Rising Fascism in America: It Can Occur Right here (New York: Routledge, 2021).
[9] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, “The Racist Demagoguery of Tucker Carlson and Trump has a Fascist Lineage.” Lucid Substack [May 20, 2022]. On-line: https://lucid.substack.com/p/the-racist-demagoguery-of-tucker
[10] Colin P. Clarke and Tim Wilson, “Mainstreaming Extremism: The Legacy of Far-Proper Violence from the Previous to the Current,” International Coverage Analysis Institute )October 11, 2022). On-line: https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/10/mainstreaming-extremism-the-legacy-of-far-right-violence-from-the-past-to-the-present/
[11] Wajahat Ali, “It’s Time to Name MAGA a Nationwide Safety Risk,” The Day by day Beast (September 16, 2022). On-line: https://www.thedailybeast.com/its-time-to-call-maga-a-national-security-threat
[12] Anthony DiMaggio, “Christian White Supremacy Rising: The Fascist Connection.” Counterpunch [September 28, 2022]. On-line: https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/09/28/christian-white-supremacy-rising-the-fascist-connection/
[13] Michelle R. Smith, “Michael Flynn: From Authorities Insider to Holy Warrior,” Frontline (September 7, 2022). On-line: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/michael-flynn-government-insider-holy-warrior/?utm_source=Iterable&utm_medium=e-mail&utm_campaign=ICYMI&utm_content=090222&utm_source=Iterable&utm_medium=e-mail&utm_campaign=ICYMI&utm_content=100922
[14] Ibid.
[15] Robert Reich, “Trump’s Newest Risk Is a Doozy and Requires 4 Responses.” Frequent Goals [September 16, 2022]. On-line: https://www.commondreams.org/views/2022/09/16/trumps-latest-threat-doozy-and-requires-four-responses
[16] Rex Huppke, “’DEATH WISH’? What Trump and his wannabes did in a single weekend ought to scare us all.,” USA As we speak (October 3, 2022). On-line: https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2022/10/03/donald-trump-death-wish-mitch-mcconnell-elaine-chao-marjorie-taylor-greene-killing-huppke/8164744001/
[17] Chris Hedges, “Let’s Cease Pretending America Is A Functioning Democracy.” Chris Hedges Substack [September 4, 2022]. On-line: https://chrishedges.substack.com/p/lets-stop-pretending-america-is-a
[18] Natasha Lennard, “It’s a Lady (Fascist)!” The Intercept [September 26, 2022]. On-line: https://theintercept.com/2022/09/26/giorgia-meloni-italy-fascist/
[19] George Pendle, “They’re with Her: Throughout Europe, a brand new technology of far-right feminine politicians is breaking glass ceilings (amongst different issues),” Air Mail 168 (October 1, 2022). On-line: https://airmail.information/points/2022-10-1/theyre-with-her?campaign_id=93&emc=edit_fb_20221013&instance_id=74514&nl=frank-bruni®i_id=51563793&segment_id=109860&te=1&user_id=ac16f3c28b64af0b86707bb1a8f1b07c
[20] Ibid.
[21] Henry A. Giroux, Pedagogy of Resistance: In opposition to Manufactured Ignorance (London: Bloomsbury, 2022).
[22] I take up this situation in nice element in Henry A. Giroux, Insurrections: Training in an Age of Counter-Revolutionary Politics (London: Bloomsbury, 2023); see additionally Kelly Hayes. “Fascism Has Gone Mainstream.” Truthout [September 9, 2022]. On-line: https://truthout.org/audio/fascism-has-gone-mainstream/
[23] See particularly Brad Evans’s work on violence, particularly his histories of violence website. See: https://www.historiesofviolence.com/conversations
[24] Toni Morrison, “Racism and Fascism,” The Journal of Negro Training (Summer time 1995). pp. 384-385. On-line: https://www.leeannhunter.com/gender/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Morrison-article.pdf
[25] Benay Mix, “Biden’s Battle for the ‘Soul of America’: On Calling out the Rising Fascism at Residence however What About Overseas?” The Palestine Chronicle [September 12, 2022]. On-line: https://www.palestinechronicle.com/bidens-battle-for-the-soul-of-america-on-calling-out-the-rising-fascism-at-home-but-what-about-abroad/
[26] Ellen Willis, Don’t Suppose, Smile: Notes on a Decade of Denial (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), p. 13.
[27] Stanley Aronowitz, “What Form of Left Does America Want?,” Tikkun, April 14, 2014
http://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/what-kind-of-left-does-america-need; Angela Davis on Amy Goodman, “Angela Davis on Abolition, Calls to Defund Police, Toppled Racist Statues & Voting in 2020 Election,” Democracy Now (July3, 2020). On-line: https://www.democracynow.org/2020/7/3/angela_davis_on_abolition_calls_to; Barbara Epstein, “Prospects for a Resurgence of the US Left,” Tikkun, Vol. 29, No. 2. Spring 2014. pp. 41-44.